@Article{MoraesPaulPerrRodr:2013:DiGPSi,
               author = "Moraes, Alison de Oliveira and Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and 
                         Perrella, Waldecir Jo{\~a}o and Rodrigues, Fabiano da Silveira",
          affiliation = "Instituto de Aeron{\'a}utica e Espa{\c{c}}o, IAE, S{\~a}o 
                         Jos{\'e} dos Campos, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de 
                         Aeron{\'a}utica, ITA, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, Brazi and 
                         William B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas 
                         at Dallas, UTD, Richardson, United States",
                title = "On the distribution of GPS signal amplitudes during low-latitude 
                         ionospheric scintillation",
              journal = "GPS Solutions",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "17",
               number = "4",
                pages = "499--510",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "Ionospheric measurement, Fading (radio), Global positioning 
                         system, Ionosphere, Probability density function, Scintillation, 
                         Statistical tests.",
             abstract = "Ionospheric scintillations are fluctuations in the phase and/or 
                         amplitude of trans-ionospheric radio signals caused by electron 
                         density irregularities in the ionosphere that affect the 
                         performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers. We 
                         used an entire month of high-rate (50 Hz) measurements of the GPS 
                         L1 (1.575 GHz) signal amplitude to investigate the statistics of 
                         L-Band signals during ionospheric scintillation events. The 
                         scintillation measurements used in this study were made by a 
                         GPS-based scintillation monitor installed in Sao Jose dos Campos, 
                         Brazil, near the equatorial anomaly peak. The observations were 
                         made over 32 days during high solar flux conditions when typical 
                         values of F10.7 were above 150 × 10-22 W/m2/Hz. This data set 
                         allowed us to test the Nakagami-m and Rice probability density 
                         functions (PDFs) in the description of the distribution of L-Band 
                         scintillating signals with better statistical confidence than 
                         previously possible. In addition, we parameterized and tested the 
                         ability of the \α-\μ distribution, which is a more 
                         general and yet simple and flexible fading model to describe the 
                         distribution of signal amplitudes during scintillation events. The 
                         results show a slight advantage of the Nakagami-m PDF over the 
                         Rice distribution. We also show that the \α-\μ PDF 
                         outperforms the Nakagami-m and Rice PDFs in the statistical 
                         characterization of amplitude scintillation. The reason for such a 
                         performance is the fact that the \α-\μ model was 
                         specially tailored to the ionospheric scintillation events, 
                         resulting in a better fit with experimental data, specifically in 
                         the region of small amplitudes, which is particularly interesting 
                         for scintillation studies.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s10291-012-0295-3",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-012-0295-3",
                 issn = "1080-5370 and 1521-1886",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "10 maio 2024"
}